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Python Set Operations Explained: From Theory to Real-Time Applications

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A  set  in Python is an unordered collection of unique elements. It is useful when storing distinct values and performing operations like union, intersection, or difference. Real-Time Example: Removing Duplicate Customer Emails in a Marketing Campaign Imagine you are working on an email marketing campaign for your company. You have a list of customer emails, but some are duplicated. Using a set , you can remove duplicates efficiently before sending emails. Code Example: # List of customer emails (some duplicates) customer_emails = [ "alice@example.com" , "bob@example.com" , "charlie@example.com" , "alice@example.com" , "david@example.com" , "bob@example.com" ] # Convert list to a set to remove duplicates unique_emails = set (customer_emails) # Convert back to a list (if needed) unique_email_list = list (unique_emails) # Print the unique emails print ( "Unique customer emails:" , unique_email_list) Ou...
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Cloud Storage as a Service Basics(1 of 3)

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Cloud storage is a model of networked enterprise storage where data is stored in virtualized pools of storage which are generally hosted by third parties. Hosting companies operate large data centers, and customers that require their data to be hosted buy or lease storage capacity from these hosting companies.

The data center operators virtualize the resources according to customer requirements and expose them as storage pools, which the customers can use to store data. Physically, the resource may span multiple servers and multiple locations. The safety of the data depends upon the hosting companies and on the applications that leverage the cloud storage.

Cloud storage is based on highly virtualized infrastructure and has the same characteristics as cloud computing in terms of agility, scalability, elasticity, and multi-tenancy. It is available both off-premises and on-premises. 

While it is difficult to declare a canonical definition of cloud storage architecture, object storage is reasonably analogous. Cloud storage software such as OpenStack Cinder, cloud storage products like EMC Atmos® and Hitachi Content Platform, and distributed storage research projects like OceanStore or VISION Cloud are examples of object storage and infer the following guidelines.

Cloud storage is:

  • Made up of many distributed resources but still acts as one; often referred to as federated storage clouds. 
  • Highly fault tolerant through redundancy and distribution of data. 
  • Highly durable through the creation of versioned copies. 
  • Typically eventually consistent with regard to data replicas. 


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