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Mastering flat_map in Python with List Comprehension

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Introduction In Python, when working with nested lists or iterables, one common challenge is flattening them into a single list while applying transformations. Many programming languages provide a built-in flatMap function, but Python does not have an explicit flat_map method. However, Python’s powerful list comprehensions offer an elegant way to achieve the same functionality. This article examines implementation behavior using Python’s list comprehensions and other methods. What is flat_map ? Functional programming  flatMap is a combination of map and flatten . It transforms the collection's element and flattens the resulting nested structure into a single sequence. For example, given a list of lists, flat_map applies a function to each sublist and returns a single flattened list. Example in a Functional Programming Language: List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4)).flatMap(x => x.map(_ * 2)) // Output: List(2, 4, 6, 8) Implementing flat_map in Python Using List Comprehension Python’...
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How Hadoop is Better for Legacy data

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Here is an interview question on legacy data. You all know that a lot of data is available on legacy systems. You can use Hadoop to process the data for useful insights.


How Hadoop is Better for Legacy data


1. How should we be thinking about migrating data from legacy systems?


Treat legacy data as you would any other complex data type. 


HDFS acts as an active archive, enabling you to cost-effectively store data in any form for as long as you like and access it when you wish to explore the data.


And with the latest generation of data wrangling and ETL tools, you can transform, enrich, and blend that legacy data with other, newer data types to gain a unique perspective on what’s happening across your business.


2. What are your thoughts on getting combined insights from the existing data warehouse and Hadoop?


Typically one of the starter use cases for moving relational data off a warehouse and into Hadoop is active archiving. 


This is the opportunity to take data that might have otherwise gone to the archive and keep it available for historical analysis.


The clear benefit is being able to analyze data for the types of extended time periods that would not otherwise be cost feasible (or possible) in traditional data warehouses. 


An example would be looking at sales, not just in the current economic cycle, but going back 3 – 5 years or more across multiple economic cycles.


You should look at Hadoop as a platform for data transformation and discovery, compute-intensive tasks that aren’t a fit for a warehouse. 

Then consider feeding some of the new data and insights back into the data warehouse to increase its value.


3. What’s the value of putting Hadoop in the Cloud?

The cloud presents a number of opportunities for Hadoop users. 


Time to benefit through quicker deployment and eliminating the need to maintain cluster infrastructure Good environment for running proofs-of-concept and experimenting with Hadoop.


Most Internet of Things data is cloud data.


Running Hadoop in the cloud enables you to minimize the movement of that data The elasticity of the cloud enables you to rapidly scale your cluster to address new use cases or add more storage and compute.

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