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Python Set Operations Explained: From Theory to Real-Time Applications

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A  set  in Python is an unordered collection of unique elements. It is useful when storing distinct values and performing operations like union, intersection, or difference. Real-Time Example: Removing Duplicate Customer Emails in a Marketing Campaign Imagine you are working on an email marketing campaign for your company. You have a list of customer emails, but some are duplicated. Using a set , you can remove duplicates efficiently before sending emails. Code Example: # List of customer emails (some duplicates) customer_emails = [ "alice@example.com" , "bob@example.com" , "charlie@example.com" , "alice@example.com" , "david@example.com" , "bob@example.com" ] # Convert list to a set to remove duplicates unique_emails = set (customer_emails) # Convert back to a list (if needed) unique_email_list = list (unique_emails) # Print the unique emails print ( "Unique customer emails:" , unique_email_list) Ou...
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3 SQL Query Examples to Create Views Quickly

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There are three kinds of Views in SQL. The three views are Read-only, Force, and Updatable. Views real usage is to hide data. And you need to ensure base tables are present before you create a View.


You can call views as logical tables. The advantage of Views is you can show only some of the fields of base tables.


What is a View in SQL
  • A view can be constructed with another view so it is called a nested view.
  • You can create or replace an existing view
  • A view can be created without having base tables. This is possible with the FORCE option.
#1: Read-Only Views

The standard syntax for the view is as follows:

CREATE OR replace VIEW invoice_summary AS
SELECT vendor_name count(*) AS invoice_count,
SUM(invoice_total) AS invoice_total_sum
FROM vendor
JOIN invoices
ON vendors.vendor_id*invoices.vendor_id
GROUP BY vendor_name;

Notes: You cannot update Read-only Views


#2: Force Views

CREATE FORCE VIEW products_list
AS
SELECT product_description,
product_price
FROM products;

Notes: Without base Table you can create a FORCE View.


#3: Updatable Views

A view can be updatable if a view follows certain rules.

A view when it is created for update purpose, you can give INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE operations.

A read-only view should contain WITH  READ ONLY clause

While updating a view, it is possible to update only one base table at a time. When you created a view from more than one table, then it is not possible to update two tables at a time.


How to Manipulate Views 

ALTER View

  • CREATE OR REPLACE statement you can use to ALTER the View.

Drop View

  • Drop view vendor_sw

Summary

A view with CHECK OPTION restricts to update. When condition satisfied it updates.

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