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Python Set Operations Explained: From Theory to Real-Time Applications

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A  set  in Python is an unordered collection of unique elements. It is useful when storing distinct values and performing operations like union, intersection, or difference. Real-Time Example: Removing Duplicate Customer Emails in a Marketing Campaign Imagine you are working on an email marketing campaign for your company. You have a list of customer emails, but some are duplicated. Using a set , you can remove duplicates efficiently before sending emails. Code Example: # List of customer emails (some duplicates) customer_emails = [ "alice@example.com" , "bob@example.com" , "charlie@example.com" , "alice@example.com" , "david@example.com" , "bob@example.com" ] # Convert list to a set to remove duplicates unique_emails = set (customer_emails) # Convert back to a list (if needed) unique_email_list = list (unique_emails) # Print the unique emails print ( "Unique customer emails:" , unique_email_list) Ou...
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Tokenization: Vault based Vs Vault-less

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Tokenization means generating a random number as an alternative for a Credit card (PAN) number. The random number can be Numeric/Non-numeric. It is in such a format that others cannot decode it.   
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The popular tokenization server is the Vault server. It generates a random Token for each transaction customer made at Merchant outlets. You can find how card numbers are masked with junk characters in the pdf provided. Here is the Visa Security Tokenization Pdf.


Vault vs Vault-less

Two Top Tokenization Servers.

  1. Vault based server
  2. Vault-less server

    What is Tokenization?



    1. Vault based server

    It stores a Card number (PAN) and a Token in a Table of the Teradata database as Key and value pairs. Due to the growing volume of transactions, the handling of the database became a big challenge for acquirers. 

    For each transaction, the vault server stores a record. That row contains both the Credit card number and its Token. When you use the same card multiple times, it generates different Tokens.  It is the basic concept of any Token server.  


    The tokenization process


    2. Vault-less Server.


    The Vault-less server is much faster. It generates random numbers based on the Split-algorithm logic. So decoding is harder. For each credit card transaction, it generates a new token.


    Moreover, it does not store card numbers and tokens. It generates both numeric or alphanumeric Tokens. Here is the list of top differences between the Vault and Vaultless servers.


    The principle behind this is to generate a random number and send it out.


    Comments

    1. SuzyOctober 14, 2018 at 4:34 PM

      Hello Srini

      Just read your article on vault -v- vaultless, this question can only be answered depending on the vault itself - was it built to be scalable? Does it store every transaction? Quite simply no it does not, but like i say it all depends on how the vault was built. Is it more secure than vaultless - definately.

      ReplyDelete
      Replies
      1. SriniOctober 26, 2018 at 7:06 PM

        Vault-less is reversible security method that replaces sensitive data with fake data that looks and feels just like the real thing. So vault-less is advanced than Vault.

        Delete

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