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Mastering flat_map in Python with List Comprehension

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Introduction In Python, when working with nested lists or iterables, one common challenge is flattening them into a single list while applying transformations. Many programming languages provide a built-in flatMap function, but Python does not have an explicit flat_map method. However, Python’s powerful list comprehensions offer an elegant way to achieve the same functionality. This article examines implementation behavior using Python’s list comprehensions and other methods. What is flat_map ? Functional programming  flatMap is a combination of map and flatten . It transforms the collection's element and flattens the resulting nested structure into a single sequence. For example, given a list of lists, flat_map applies a function to each sublist and returns a single flattened list. Example in a Functional Programming Language: List(List(1, 2), List(3, 4)).flatMap(x => x.map(_ * 2)) // Output: List(2, 4, 6, 8) Implementing flat_map in Python Using List Comprehension Python’...
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How to Use Python Try and Except Logic Correctly

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In Python, you can avoid exceptions using Try and Except logic. The Error-free programs save a lot of time. Also, you can keep away defects in production.
 

Python tips
How to Use Python Try and Except Logic Correctly


In Python, you can handle un-known errors by using TRY and EXCEPT logic. If the programmer does not take care of this, the default is for Python to print an error message and stops execution. 



So the responsibility of a programmer is upfront he/she has to find errors and handle them correctly. It is possible if you use the TRY and EXCEPT.


Python Syntax for Try and Except.


try:
      c = a/b
except:
      c = 1000000

Try ends with ':' it says that Try block start here. In this block, you can write actual logic. The Except: is another block. That means in this block programmer can specify some value. And that value populates when any error happens.

Try and Except Examples.

Example: 1.

Below is the example to give the expected error in except.

try:
      c = a/b
except ZeroDivisionError:
      c = 1000000


The above example is you can give a name to an error in Except.  When this error happens, it assigns 1000000.


Example: 2.

Below is an example to give anticipated errors.

try:
      c = a/b
except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError):
      c = 1000000


Also, there can be many except statements associated with a single Try.

Example: 3.

Below is an example to use multiple excepts.

try:
      c = a/b
except ValueError:
    c = 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
      c = 1000000

And, as was mentioned, a variable can hold the value of the error to be caught:

Example: 4.

The below example is to assign a value to the variable when an error happens. 

k = ZeroDivisionError
try:
      c = a/b
except k:
      c = 1000000


If we left out the exception name, it assigns value C for other errors.

try:
      c = a/b
except:
      c = 0


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