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Python Logic to Find All Unique Pairs in an Array

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 Here's the Python logic for finding all unique pairs in an array that sum up to a target value. Python Unique Pair Problem Write a Python function that finds all unique pairs in an array whose sum equals a target value. Avoid duplicates in the result. For example: Input: arr = [2, 4, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9] , target = 9 Output: [(2, 7), (4, 5)] Hints Use a set for tracking seen numbers. Check for complements efficiently. Example def find_unique_pairs(arr, target):     """     Finds all unique pairs in the array that sum up to the target value.     Parameters:     arr (list): The input array of integers.     target (int): The target sum value.     Returns:     list: A list of unique pairs that sum to the target value.     """     seen = set()     pairs = set()     for num in arr:         complement = target - num         if complement in seen:...
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How to Check Kafka Available Brokers

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Brokers


Here's the command to check the list of brokers present in a Kafka Cluster. You can say the Broker is the heart of the Kafka cluster. In simple terms, it works as a process.

The main function is to receive messages from publishers and gives permission to access messages by consumers.

How to Check Available Brokers in Kafka

Here is the command:

linux$ ./zookeeper-shell.sh zookeeper-IPaddress:2181 | "ls /brokers/ids"

Just use the above command to get the number of brokers present in your host (Kafka Cluster).

What is Default Broker-id in Kafka 

The default broker id is -1. When you create a new broker, it adds to -1. Then, it gives a new broker id. The broker ids will be generated from reserved.broker.max.id + 1.


Types of broker ids.

  1. Use assigned
  2. Zookeeper generated broker id.


According to Wiki:

Kafka runs on a cluster of one or more servers (called brokers), and the partitions of all topics are distributed across the cluster nodes. 


Overview of Kafka

Additionally, partitions are replicated to multiple brokers. This architecture allows Kafka to deliver massive streams of messages in a fault-tolerant fashion and has allowed it to replace some of the conventional messaging systems like Java Message Service (JMS), Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), etc. Since the 0.11.0.0 release, Kafka offers transactional writes, which provide an exactly-once stream.


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