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Top Questions People Ask About Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib & Scikit-learn — Answered!

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 Whether you're a beginner or brushing up on your skills, these are the real-world questions Python learners ask most about key libraries in data science. Let’s dive in! 🐍 🐼 Pandas: Data Manipulation Made Easy 1. How do I handle missing data in a DataFrame? df.fillna( 0 ) # Replace NaNs with 0 df.dropna() # Remove rows with NaNs df.isna(). sum () # Count missing values per column 2. How can I merge or join two DataFrames? pd.merge(df1, df2, on= 'id' , how= 'inner' ) # inner, left, right, outer 3. What is the difference between loc[] and iloc[] ? loc[] uses labels (e.g., column names) iloc[] uses integer positions df.loc[ 0 , 'name' ] # label-based df.iloc[ 0 , 1 ] # index-based 4. How do I group data and perform aggregation? df.groupby( 'category' )[ 'sales' ]. sum () 5. How can I convert a column to datetime format? df[ 'date' ] = pd.to_datetime(df[ 'date' ]) ...
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Exclusive Apache Kafka Top Features

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Here are the top features of Kafka. It works on the principle of publishing messages. It routes real-time information to consumers far faster. Also, it connects heterogeneous applications by sending messages among them. Here the prime component (a.k.a message router) is a broker. The top features you can read here.


Kafka features


The exclusive Kafka features

The message broker provides seamless integration, but there are two collateral objectives: the first is to not block the producers and the second is to not let the producers know who the final consumers are.

Apache Kafka is a real-time publish-subscribe solution messaging system: open source, distributed, partitioned, replicated, commit-log based with a publish-subscribe schema. Its main characteristics are as follows:

1. Distributed. Cluster


Centric design that supports the distribution of the messages over the cluster members, maintaining the semantics. So you can grow the cluster horizontally without downtime.

2. Multiclient.


Easy integration with different clients from different platforms: Java, .NET, PHP, Ruby, Python, etc.

3. Persistent.


You cannot afford any data lost. Kafka is designed with efficient O(1), so data structures provide constant time performance no matter the data size.

4. Real time.


The messages produced are immediately seen by consumer threads; these are the basis of the systems called complex event processing (CEP).

5. Very high throughput.


As we mentioned, all the technologies in the stack are designed to work in commodity hardware. Kafka can handle hundreds of read and write operations per second from a large number of clients.


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