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Python Set Operations Explained: From Theory to Real-Time Applications

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A  set  in Python is an unordered collection of unique elements. It is useful when storing distinct values and performing operations like union, intersection, or difference. Real-Time Example: Removing Duplicate Customer Emails in a Marketing Campaign Imagine you are working on an email marketing campaign for your company. You have a list of customer emails, but some are duplicated. Using a set , you can remove duplicates efficiently before sending emails. Code Example: # List of customer emails (some duplicates) customer_emails = [ "alice@example.com" , "bob@example.com" , "charlie@example.com" , "alice@example.com" , "david@example.com" , "bob@example.com" ] # Convert list to a set to remove duplicates unique_emails = set (customer_emails) # Convert back to a list (if needed) unique_email_list = list (unique_emails) # Print the unique emails print ( "Unique customer emails:" , unique_email_list) Ou...
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Exclusive Apache Kafka Top Features

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Here are the top features of Kafka. It works on the principle of publishing messages. It routes real-time information to consumers far faster. Also, it connects heterogeneous applications by sending messages among them. Here the prime component (a.k.a message router) is a broker. The top features you can read here.


Kafka features


The exclusive Kafka features

The message broker provides seamless integration, but there are two collateral objectives: the first is to not block the producers and the second is to not let the producers know who the final consumers are.

Apache Kafka is a real-time publish-subscribe solution messaging system: open source, distributed, partitioned, replicated, commit-log based with a publish-subscribe schema. Its main characteristics are as follows:

1. Distributed. Cluster


Centric design that supports the distribution of the messages over the cluster members, maintaining the semantics. So you can grow the cluster horizontally without downtime.

2. Multiclient.


Easy integration with different clients from different platforms: Java, .NET, PHP, Ruby, Python, etc.

3. Persistent.


You cannot afford any data lost. Kafka is designed with efficient O(1), so data structures provide constant time performance no matter the data size.

4. Real time.


The messages produced are immediately seen by consumer threads; these are the basis of the systems called complex event processing (CEP).

5. Very high throughput.


As we mentioned, all the technologies in the stack are designed to work in commodity hardware. Kafka can handle hundreds of read and write operations per second from a large number of clients.


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