Featured Post

14 Top Data Pipeline Key Terms Explained

-
Image
 Here are some key terms commonly used in data pipelines 1. Data Sources Definition: Points where data originates (e.g., databases, APIs, files, IoT devices). Examples: Relational databases (PostgreSQL, MySQL), APIs, cloud storage (S3), streaming data (Kafka), and on-premise systems. 2. Data Ingestion Definition: The process of importing or collecting raw data from various sources into a system for processing or storage. Methods: Batch ingestion, real-time/streaming ingestion. 3. Data Transformation Definition: Modifying, cleaning, or enriching data to make it usable for analysis or storage. Examples: Data cleaning (removing duplicates, fixing missing values). Data enrichment (joining with other data sources). ETL (Extract, Transform, Load). ELT (Extract, Load, Transform). 4. Data Storage Definition: Locations where data is stored after ingestion and transformation. Types: Data Lakes: Store raw, unstructured, or semi-structured data (e.g., S3, Azure Data Lake). Data Warehous...
Post a Comment

The Exclusive Way to Declare Variables in Oracle Procedure

-
Declare record type variables in PLSQL

There are four data types in PLSQL. Those are Numeric, Char, Boolean, and Date/Time. Each data type and its features are demonstrated. And explained how to declare variables in PLSQL procedure.

Data types

Here are the four popular data types in PLSQL.

1. Numeric


DEC, DECIMAL, and NUMERIC are used to declare fixed-point numbers with a precision of a maximum of 38 decimal digits. INTEGER, INT, and SMALLINT declare integers with a maximum precision of 38 digits.

2. Char


Char and Varchar data types support storing data of 1 t0 2000 bytes. The VARCHAR2 supports 1 to 4000 bytes of data. The VARCHAR and VARCHAR2 release the unused space in memory,

 3. Date/Time


The range for the Date is from 01-Jan-4712 BC to 31-DEC-9999. It stores the data in date format DD-MON-YYYY. The value is written in single quotes.

4. Boolean


BOOLEAN datatype stores logical values and can be either TRUE or FALSE.

Declare variables


The Declare block in PL/SQL is reserved for variable declaration. The code between begin and end blocks will participate in the execution.


PL/SQL variable-declaration


DECLARE

A NUMBER(4,1) := 11.2; B PLS_INTEGER:=78; C NUMBER(2) :=11; D CHAR(1) :='P'; E varchar (4):='GOOD'; V1 CHAR (1):='T'; D1 DATE:='01-01-2020'; -- Displays current date D2 DATE:=SYSDATE;
BEGIN

Dbms_output.put_line('A:'||' '|| A ); Dbms_output.put_line('B:'||' '|| B); Dbms_output.NEW_LINE; Dbms_output.put_line('C:'||' '|| C); Dbms_output.put_line ('D:'||' '|| D); Dbms_output.NEW_LINE; Dbms_output.put_line('D1' ||CHR(9) ||'Today's DATE '); Dbms_output.put_line(D1|| CHR(9) || D2); Dbms_output.put_line ('V1:'||' '|| V1);
END;

Comments

Post a Comment

Thanks for your message. We will get back you.

Popular posts from this blog

How to Fix datetime Import Error in Python Quickly

-
Image
Here's a quick resolution for import datetime Python error . The reason is your .py python script name and datetime  are the same. I'll show you how this error happens and its resolution.   Here's the Resolution for ImportError I've created a script called 'datetime.py.' to check whether the minute value is 'odd' or not. During the import of my python script, I got the import error cannot import name datetime. My Script: datetime.py My script's intention is to find whether the minute value is odd or not. Python Logic from datetime import datetime odds = [ 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 , 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 , 59 ] right_this_minute = datetime.today().minute if right_this_minute in odds: print ( "This minute seems a little odd." ) else : print ( "Not an odd minute." ) ImportError I have imported my datetime.py from Linux. It gives an error ...
Read more

SQL Query: 3 Methods for Calculating Cumulative SUM

-
Image
SQL provides various constructs for calculating cumulative sums, offering flexibility and efficiency in data analysis. In this article, we explore three distinct SQL queries that facilitate the computation of cumulative sums. Each query leverages different SQL constructs to achieve the desired outcome, catering to diverse analytical needs and preferences. Using Window Functions (e.g., PostgreSQL, SQL Server, Oracle) SELECT id, value, SUM(value) OVER (ORDER BY id) AS cumulative_sum  FROM your_table; This query uses the SUM() window function with the OVER clause to calculate the cumulative sum of the value column ordered by the id column. Using Subqueries (e.g., MySQL, SQLite): SELECT t1.id, t1.value, SUM(t2.value) AS cumulative_sum FROM your_table t1 JOIN your_table t2 ON t1.id >= t2.id GROUP BY t1.id, t1.value ORDER BY t1.id; This query uses a self-join to calculate the cumulative sum. It joins the table with itself, matching rows where the id in the first table is greater than...
Read more

Big Data: Top Cloud Computing Interview Questions (1 of 4)

-
Image
The below are frequently asked interview questions on Cloud computing: 1) What is the difference between Cloud and Grid? Grid: -Information service -Security Service -Data management -Execution Manageement Cloud: - Maintains up-to-date information of resources -Create VMs according to user requirement -Application deploment -User management 2) What are the different cloud standards? -Interoperability standards -Security standards -Portability Standards -Governance and Risk standards 3) What are the two different sub-systems in Cloud computing ? -Management sub system -Resource sub system 4)What is Cloud compouting? The promise of cloud computing is ubiquitous access to a broad set of applications and services, which are delivered over the network to multiple customer. 5) Why we need specialized network for Cloud services? The public Internet is the simplest choice for delivering cloud-based services. In this model, the cloud provider simply purchases Inter...
Read more