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Python Set Operations Explained: From Theory to Real-Time Applications

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A  set  in Python is an unordered collection of unique elements. It is useful when storing distinct values and performing operations like union, intersection, or difference. Real-Time Example: Removing Duplicate Customer Emails in a Marketing Campaign Imagine you are working on an email marketing campaign for your company. You have a list of customer emails, but some are duplicated. Using a set , you can remove duplicates efficiently before sending emails. Code Example: # List of customer emails (some duplicates) customer_emails = [ "alice@example.com" , "bob@example.com" , "charlie@example.com" , "alice@example.com" , "david@example.com" , "bob@example.com" ] # Convert list to a set to remove duplicates unique_emails = set (customer_emails) # Convert back to a list (if needed) unique_email_list = list (unique_emails) # Print the unique emails print ( "Unique customer emails:" , unique_email_list) Ou...
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Python Interface Vs. Class: What's the Difference

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Here are the differences between Class and Interface in Python.

Python interface


Python class can have all concrete methods. But interface does not have single concrete method.


Here you'll know about

  • What's abstract method
  • Abstract Class: How to Create it
  • Rules to Write an Interface
  • How to Create Abstract Class
  • How to Create an Interface


What's abstract method

The abstrcat method is one which does not have body.

from abc import ABC, abstract method
class name_class(ABC): # abstract class

@abstractmethod
def name_method(self): #abstract method without body
pass


The interface is used when all the features are needed to be implemented differently for different objects.

Rules to Write an Interface

  1. All methods of an interface should be abstract.
  2. You cannot create an interface object.
  3. If any class implements an interface, then you need to define all the methods given in that interface in child class.
  4. You need to declare all methods as abstract if that class does not implement the interface

How to Create Abstract Class


from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
class Myengineer(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def mybranch(self):
pass
myobj = Myengineer()


Output

TypeError: Can’t instantiate abstract class Myengineer
with abstract methods mybranch


How to Create an Interface

You cannot create an object from an abstract class. But you can do it by creating a child class.


from abc import ABC, abstractmethod

#Abstract class

class Myengineer(ABC):
@abstractmethod
def mybranch(self):
pass

#Child class implements abstract class

class MyEEE(Myengineer):
def mybranch(self):
print(“I am an electrical and electronics Engineer”)
myobj = MyEEE()
myobj.mybranch()

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