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Python Set Operations Explained: From Theory to Real-Time Applications

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A  set  in Python is an unordered collection of unique elements. It is useful when storing distinct values and performing operations like union, intersection, or difference. Real-Time Example: Removing Duplicate Customer Emails in a Marketing Campaign Imagine you are working on an email marketing campaign for your company. You have a list of customer emails, but some are duplicated. Using a set , you can remove duplicates efficiently before sending emails. Code Example: # List of customer emails (some duplicates) customer_emails = [ "alice@example.com" , "bob@example.com" , "charlie@example.com" , "alice@example.com" , "david@example.com" , "bob@example.com" ] # Convert list to a set to remove duplicates unique_emails = set (customer_emails) # Convert back to a list (if needed) unique_email_list = list (unique_emails) # Print the unique emails print ( "Unique customer emails:" , unique_email_list) Ou...
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How to Find Folder Space in Linux Easily

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Here's an example that shows how to use find command to get directory utilized space in Linux. Many of a time during production support, or when crontab jobs failed, the reasons behind is space shortage of a directory.

Folder space


The find is handy you can use to get utilized space of a directory. That helps you to delete unnecessary files (that actually make some space).


Linux find command


Here's the find command that I have used in our project. You will find here the detailed explanation of this command and how to use it.


find /home/srini -xdev -ls | sort +6rn | head -20


Part#1: Directory path


In the first part,  after the find you need to give the directory's path for which folder you are going to find space.


Part#2: Option -xdev


The second part is -xdev, which gives the space usage of all the subdirectories.


Part#3: Option -ls


The next part is the -ls option that provides a sorted list of all the subdirectories. 

Part#4: Sort command


Then, the sort command sorts based on the value +6rn.


Sort options


-n Sort numerically (10 will sort after 2), ignore blanks and tabs 
-r Reverse the order of sort 
-f Sort upper- and lowercase together 
+x Ignore first x fields when sorting


Part#5: Option +xrn


The value +6 states to ignore 6 columns in the sort. The option +rn sorts in descending order of memory.


Sort command


Part#6: Option head -20


The head -20 gets the top 20 rows of directories details.

The command you can use to find the folders which takes more space.

Tip#1 I have gone through the best books and Udemy courses. I am giving here for your reference. Here is the book on Bash scripting and Udemy course is Bash Mastery helpful to know more.

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