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Step-by-Step Guide to Reading Different Files in Python

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 In the world of data science, automation, and general programming, working with files is unavoidable. Whether you’re dealing with CSV reports, JSON APIs, Excel sheets, or text logs, Python provides rich and easy-to-use libraries for reading different file formats. In this guide, we’ll explore how to read different files in Python , with code examples and best practices. 1. Reading Text Files ( .txt ) Text files are the simplest form of files. Python’s built-in open() function handles them effortlessly. Example: # Open and read a text file with open ( "sample.txt" , "r" ) as file: content = file.read() print (content) Explanation: "r" mode means read . with open() automatically closes the file when done. Best Practice: Always use with to handle files to avoid memory leaks. 2. Reading CSV Files ( .csv ) CSV files are widely used for storing tabular data. Python has a built-in csv module and a powerful pandas library. Using cs...
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Relational Operators in Python: A Quick Guide On How to Use Them

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Relational operators in Python are helpful, If you are working with numeric values to compare them. Here we explore eight different relational operators and provide examples of how each one works. So to compare numeric values it is a useful guide to refresh.


Relational Operators


Python Relational Operators

Here's a frequently used list of relational operators, and these you can use to compare numeric values. The list shows how to use each operator helpful for data analysis.


<
<=
>
>=
==
!=
Is
is not

Python program: How to use relational operators

Assign 23 to a and 11 to b. Then, apply all the comparison operators. The output is self-explanatory. Bookmark this article to refresh when you are in doubt.

Example

a = 23
b = 11
print("Is a greater than b?", a > b) #greater than
print("Is a less than b?", a < b) #less than
print("Is a greater or equal to b?", a >= b) #greater or equal
print("Is a less or equal to b?", a <= b) #less or equal
print("Is a equal to b (option 1)?", a == b) #test for equality
print("Is a equal to b (option 2)?", a is b) #test for equality
print("Is a not equal to b (option 1)?", a != b) #test for inequality
print("Is a not equal to b (option 2)?", a is not b) #test for inequality


The output

Is a greater than b? True
Is a less than b? False
Is a greater or equal to b? True
Is a less or equal to b? False
Is a equal to b (option 1)? False
Is a equal to b (option 2)? False
Is a not equal to b (option 1)? True
Is a not equal to b (option 2)? Tru



** Process exited - Return Code: 0 **
Press Enter to exit terminal

Conclusion

Relational operators are very helpful for developers who work on data analysis projects, and act as a quick guide they can use as a refresher.

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