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Python Set Operations Explained: From Theory to Real-Time Applications

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A  set  in Python is an unordered collection of unique elements. It is useful when storing distinct values and performing operations like union, intersection, or difference. Real-Time Example: Removing Duplicate Customer Emails in a Marketing Campaign Imagine you are working on an email marketing campaign for your company. You have a list of customer emails, but some are duplicated. Using a set , you can remove duplicates efficiently before sending emails. Code Example: # List of customer emails (some duplicates) customer_emails = [ "alice@example.com" , "bob@example.com" , "charlie@example.com" , "alice@example.com" , "david@example.com" , "bob@example.com" ] # Convert list to a set to remove duplicates unique_emails = set (customer_emails) # Convert back to a list (if needed) unique_email_list = list (unique_emails) # Print the unique emails print ( "Unique customer emails:" , unique_email_list) Ou...

5 SQL Queries That Popularly Used in Data Analysis

 Here are five popular SQL queries frequently used in data analysis.


5 SQL Queries Popularly Used in Data Analytics




1. SELECT with Aggregations

Summarize data by calculating aggregates like counts, sums, averages, etc.

SELECT department, COUNT(*) as employee_count, AVG(salary) as average_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY department;


2. JOIN Operations

 Combine data from multiple tables based on a related column.

SELECT e.employee_id, e.name, d.department_name
FROM employees e
JOIN departments d ON e.department_id = d.department_id;

3. WHERE Clause for Filtering

Filter records based on specified conditions.

SELECT *
FROM sales
WHERE sale_date BETWEEN '2024-01-01' AND '2024-12-31'
  AND amount > 1000;

4. ORDER BY Clause for Sorting

Sort results in ascending or descending order based on one or more columns.

SELECT product_name, price
FROM products
ORDER BY price DESC;

5. GROUP BY with HAVING Clause

Group records and apply conditions to the aggregated results.

SELECT department, SUM(salary) as total_salaries
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
HAVING SUM(salary) > 50000;

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